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Dietary cinnamaldehyde alleviates chlorpyrifos-induced immunotoxicity in Nile tilapia and modulates apoptosis-, autophagy-, and AKT/mTOR-related gene expression

Abd-Elhakim YM, Ibrahim RE, Khamis T, Alsubaie N, Alotaibi BS, Abdel-Rahman Mohamed A 2026 Developmental and comparative immunology

Abstract

This study investigated the immunotoxic effects of chronic waterborne chlorpyrifos (CPO) exposure in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and evaluated the protective efficacy of dietary cinnamaldehyde (CA). Fish were exposed to 15 μg/L CPO for 60 days, while CA was incorporated into the diet at 0.42 g/kg feed. Immune…

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Studied ingredients

Species involved

Fish

Keywords

Nile tilapiaImmunotoxicitycinnamaldehydeinnate immunitychlorpyrifosAkt/mtor Signaling

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